醫週譯範例: Dementia/失智症
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
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| 2017-07-17 16:28 – 16:28 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 醫週譯範例: Dementia/失智症
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+ Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_dementia
+ 失智症（英語：Dementia、德語：Demenz），其英文Dementia一字來自拉丁語（de-意指「遠離」 + mens意指「心智」）；是一種因腦部傷害或疾病所導致的漸進性認知功能退化，且此退化的幅度遠高於正常老化的進展。
+ 特別會影響到記憶、注意力、語言、解題能力。嚴重時會無法分辨人事時地物。失智症可分為可逆或不可逆，視疾病成因而異。只有不到10%的失智症是可逆的。失智症是個不特定的概括名詞。也稱癡呆症。
+ * 以上為原本中文條目引言中已經有的文字，請翻譯下列文章時擷取可用參考部分。
+ <!-- Definition and symptoms -->
+ Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember such that a person's daily functioning is affected.[1] Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.[1][2] A person's consciousness is not affected.[1] For the diagnosis to be present it must be a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.[1][3]These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.[1]
+ *Reference
+ *1. "Dementia Fact sheet N°362". who.int. April 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
+ *<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Dementia Fact sheet N°362|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref>
+ *2. Burns, A; Iliffe, S (5 February 2009). "Dementia.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 338: b75. PMID 19196746.
+ *<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=BMJ2009>{{cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=A|last2=Iliffe|first2=S|title=Dementia.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=5 February 2009|volume=338|pages=b75|pmid=19196746}}</ref>
+ *3. Solomon, Andrew E. Budson, Paul R. (2011). Memory loss : a practical guide for clinicians. [Edinburgh?]: Elsevier Saunders.ISBN 9781416035978.
+ *<ref name="Memory Loss">{{cite book|last=Solomon|first=Andrew E. Budson, Paul R.|title=Memory loss : a practical guide for clinicians|year=2011|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=[Edinburgh?]|isbn=9781416035978}}</ref>
+ <!-- Cause, diagnosis, prevention -->
+ The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease which makes up 50% to 70% of cases. Other common types include vascular dementia (25%), Lewy body dementia (15%), and frontotemporal dementia.[1][2] Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson disease, syphilis, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease among others.[4] More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person.[1] A small proportion of cases run in families.[5] In the DSM-5, dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder, with various degrees of severity.[6] Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes.[7]The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test.[2] Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and obesity.[1]Screening the general population for the disease is not recommended.[8]
+ *Reference
+ *4.Gauthier, Serge (2006). Clinical diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (3rd ed. ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Informa Healthcare. pp. 53–54. ISBN 9780203931714.
+ *5. Loy, CT; Schofield, PR; Turner, AM; Kwok, JB (1 March 2014). "Genetics of dementia.". Lancet 383 (9919): 828–40. PMID 23927914.
+ *6. Association, American Psychiatric (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. (5th ed. ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. p. 591-603. ISBN 9780890425541.
+ *8. "Dementia diagnosis and assessment". pathways.nice.org.uk. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
+ <!-- Management -->
+ There is no cure for dementia.[1] Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disease.[9][10][11] Overall benefit, however, may be minor.[11][12] For people with dementia and those who care for them many measures can improve their lives.[1] Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate.[1]Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important.[1] Exercise programs are beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes.[13] Treatment of behavioral problems or psychosis due to dementia with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to there often being little benefit and an increased risks of death.[14][15]
+ *Reference
+ *9. Commission de la transparence (June 2012). "Médicaments de la maladie d'Alzheimer : à éviter" [Drugs for Alzheimer's disease: best avoided. No therapeutic advantage]. Prescrire Int 21 (128): 150. PMID 22822592.
+ *10. Forbes, D.; Thiessen, E.J.; Blake, C.M.; Forbes, S.C.; Forbes, S. (4 December 2013). "Exercise programs for people with dementia.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 12: CD006489. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006489.pub3. PMID 24302466.
+ *11. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. "Low-dose antipsychotics in people with dementia". nice.org.uk. Retrieved29 November 2014.
+ *12. "Information for Healthcare Professionals: Conventional Antipsychotics". fda.gov. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
+ <!-- Epidemiology, prognosis, and society -->
+ Globally dementia affects 36 million people.[1] About 10% of people develop the disease at some point in their lives.[5] It becomes more common with age.[16]About 3% of people between the ages of 65–74 have dementia, 19% between 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age.[17] In 2010 dementia resulted in about 486,000 deaths.[18] As more people are living longer, dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole.[16] For people of a specific age; however, it may be becoming less frequent, at least in the developed world, due to a decrease in risk factors.[16] It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old.[2] It is believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD a year.[1] People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary, raising issues of human rights.[1]Social stigma against those affected is common.[2]
+ *Reference
+ *13. Larson, EB; Yaffe, K; Langa, KM (12 December 2013). "New insights into the dementia epidemic.". The New England journal of medicine 369 (24): 2275–7. PMID 24283198.
+ *14. Umphred, Darcy (2012). Neurological rehabilitation (6th ed. ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby. p. 838. ISBN 9780323075862.
+ 2015-01-21 尚未整合中文維基百科「失智症」的引言頁面
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